Saturday, October 10, 2009
Thursday, July 30, 2009
Form 2: Exercise (Cyber Law)
1. State 3 reason why we need cyber law
2. State 4 cyber law act in Malaysia
3. Explain briefly 2 of the cyber law act in Malaysia
2. State 4 cyber law act in Malaysia
3. Explain briefly 2 of the cyber law act in Malaysia
Thursday, July 16, 2009
Form 2: Cyber Law
What is Cyber Law?
Cyber law refers to any laws relating to protecting the Internet and other online communication technologies.
The Cyber Law Acts In Malaysia
The Malaysian Government has already passed several cyber laws to control and reduce Internet abuse.
These cyber laws include:
• Digital Signature Act 1997
• Computer Crimes Act 1997
• Telemedicine Act 1997
• Communications and Multimedia Act 1998
Beside these cyber laws, there are three other cyber laws being drafted.
• Private Data Protection Bill
• Electronic Government Activities Bill
• Electronic Transactions Bill
Digital Signature Act 1997
Digital Signature is an identity verification standard that uses encryption techniques to protect against e-mail forgery. The encrypted code consists of the user’s name and a hash of all the parts of the message.
By attaching the digital signature, one can ensure that nobody can eavesdrop, intercept or temper with transmitted data.
Computer Crimes Act 1997
Gives protection against the misuse of computers and computer criminal activities such as unauthorised use of programmes, illegal transmission of data or messages over computers, hacking and cracking of computer systems and networks.
Users can protect their rights to privacy and build trust in the computer system.
The government can have control at a certain level over cyberspace to reduce cyber crime activities.
Telemedicine Act 1997
The Telemedicine Act 1997 ensures that only qualified medical practitioners can practice telemedicine and that their patient's rights and interests are protected.
This act provides future development and delivery of healthcare in Malaysia.
Communications And Multimedia Act 1998
The implementation of Communication and Telecommunication Act 1998 ensures that information is secure, the network is reliable and affordable all over Malaysia.
Cyber law refers to any laws relating to protecting the Internet and other online communication technologies.
The Cyber Law Acts In Malaysia
The Malaysian Government has already passed several cyber laws to control and reduce Internet abuse.
These cyber laws include:
• Digital Signature Act 1997
• Computer Crimes Act 1997
• Telemedicine Act 1997
• Communications and Multimedia Act 1998
Beside these cyber laws, there are three other cyber laws being drafted.
• Private Data Protection Bill
• Electronic Government Activities Bill
• Electronic Transactions Bill
Digital Signature Act 1997
Digital Signature is an identity verification standard that uses encryption techniques to protect against e-mail forgery. The encrypted code consists of the user’s name and a hash of all the parts of the message.
By attaching the digital signature, one can ensure that nobody can eavesdrop, intercept or temper with transmitted data.
Computer Crimes Act 1997
Gives protection against the misuse of computers and computer criminal activities such as unauthorised use of programmes, illegal transmission of data or messages over computers, hacking and cracking of computer systems and networks.
Users can protect their rights to privacy and build trust in the computer system.
The government can have control at a certain level over cyberspace to reduce cyber crime activities.
Telemedicine Act 1997
The Telemedicine Act 1997 ensures that only qualified medical practitioners can practice telemedicine and that their patient's rights and interests are protected.
This act provides future development and delivery of healthcare in Malaysia.
Communications And Multimedia Act 1998
The implementation of Communication and Telecommunication Act 1998 ensures that information is secure, the network is reliable and affordable all over Malaysia.
Monday, July 13, 2009
Form 2 : Internet Communication
1. Various forms of communications on the Internet
• E-mailing
• Chatting
• Conferencing (audio and video)
• Net Meeting
• Newsgroup
• Forum
E-mail, short for electronic mail is the transmission of messages and files via a computer network.
A user utilises an email programme to create, send, receive, forward, store, print and delete email messages.
Some emails are web-based emails like Yahoo Mail, Gmail and Hotmail.
The Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is a system for chatting that involves a set of rules conventions and client/server software.
A chat is a real-time typed conversation that takes place on a computer. A chat room is a location on an Internet server that permits users to chat with others anywhere in the world.
Anyone in the chat room can participate in the conversation, it is usually specific to a particular topic.
Audio Conferencing (also known as ATC – Audio Tele-Conference)
When two or more people who are in different parts of the world can talk to each other at the same time through the Internet without the use of phone.
• Video Conferencing (also known as a video teleconference)
When two or more people who are in different parts of the world to talk and see each other on the screen using video capture used in businesses and meeting.
• Web Conferencing is used to conduct live, businesses, meetings and presentations over the Internet, where the people may be in different parts of the world.
NetMeeting is a web conferencing service where the user needs to have a high speed Internet connection for on-line collaboration.
Examples:
1. Chat Window
Type and send messages within a Chat Window
2. Whiteboard
Draw out a process or brainstorm ideas on a board.
3. File Transfer
Send or receive files within a meeting.
4. Application Sharing
Select an application on your computer and let others
explain how to use it.
5. Video Conferencing
Hold a video conference over the internet.
6. Audio conferencing
Hold an audio conversation over the internet without the use of phones
Newsgroup
It is usually a discussion group about a particular subject consisting of notes, written to a central Internet site and redistributed through Usenet. Newsgroups are similar to discussion forums on the World Wide Web.
Forum
An Internet forum is a web application for holding discussions and posting user generated content. Internet forums are also commonly referred to as web forums, message boards, discussion boards, (electronic) discussion groups, discussion forums, bulletin boards, fora (the Latin plural) or simply forums.
2. Peripherals used for communications
• Web camera
• Microphone
• Earphone
• E-mailing
• Chatting
• Conferencing (audio and video)
• Net Meeting
• Newsgroup
• Forum
E-mail, short for electronic mail is the transmission of messages and files via a computer network.
A user utilises an email programme to create, send, receive, forward, store, print and delete email messages.
Some emails are web-based emails like Yahoo Mail, Gmail and Hotmail.
The Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is a system for chatting that involves a set of rules conventions and client/server software.
A chat is a real-time typed conversation that takes place on a computer. A chat room is a location on an Internet server that permits users to chat with others anywhere in the world.
Anyone in the chat room can participate in the conversation, it is usually specific to a particular topic.
Audio Conferencing (also known as ATC – Audio Tele-Conference)
When two or more people who are in different parts of the world can talk to each other at the same time through the Internet without the use of phone.
• Video Conferencing (also known as a video teleconference)
When two or more people who are in different parts of the world to talk and see each other on the screen using video capture used in businesses and meeting.
• Web Conferencing is used to conduct live, businesses, meetings and presentations over the Internet, where the people may be in different parts of the world.
NetMeeting is a web conferencing service where the user needs to have a high speed Internet connection for on-line collaboration.
Examples:
1. Chat Window
Type and send messages within a Chat Window
2. Whiteboard
Draw out a process or brainstorm ideas on a board.
3. File Transfer
Send or receive files within a meeting.
4. Application Sharing
Select an application on your computer and let others
explain how to use it.
5. Video Conferencing
Hold a video conference over the internet.
6. Audio conferencing
Hold an audio conversation over the internet without the use of phones
Newsgroup
It is usually a discussion group about a particular subject consisting of notes, written to a central Internet site and redistributed through Usenet. Newsgroups are similar to discussion forums on the World Wide Web.
Forum
An Internet forum is a web application for holding discussions and posting user generated content. Internet forums are also commonly referred to as web forums, message boards, discussion boards, (electronic) discussion groups, discussion forums, bulletin boards, fora (the Latin plural) or simply forums.
2. Peripherals used for communications
• Web camera
• Microphone
• Earphone
Sunday, July 5, 2009
Form 4: Exercise ( NETWORK )
1. Define computer network
2. Define communication
3. State the importance of computer network and communication
4. Define types of computer networks:
2. Define communication
3. State the importance of computer network and communication
4. Define types of computer networks:
- LAN
- MAN
- WAN
5. Differentiate between the three type of networks
6. Define two types of network architecture:
- Client/server
- peer-to-peer
7. State three type of network topology
8. Define the each network topology
9. State the differentiate between three type of network topology
Wednesday, May 13, 2009
Form2 : 2.4 Netiquette
2.4 Netiquette
2.4.1 Explain the meaning of Netiquette.
Netiquette is etiquette on the Internet. Since the Internet changes rapidly, its netiquette does too, but it's still usually based on the Golden Rule. The need for a sense of netiquette arises mostly when sending or distributing e-mail, posting on Usenet groups, or chatting. To some extent, the practice of netiquette depends on understanding how e-mail, the Usenet, chatting, or other aspects of the Internet actually work or are practiced.
2.4.2 List out the Dos and Don’ts while communicating online.
a) Do unto others, as you'd have others do unto you.
Be polite and courteous at all times. Remember that you're not communicating with a computer screen, but with a human being who has thoughts and feelings just like you. So, always think of the person on the receiving end of your messages.
b) Do not TYPE ALL IN CAPITAL LETTERS for emphasis.
IT LOOKS LIKE YOU ARE SHOUTING. If you need to emphasize a word, use asterisks, like *this* or lines, like _this_.
c) Remember that the written word is hard to interpret.
When you speak to someone, that person can hear the tone of your voice. If they can see you, they can take visual clues from your face and body to better
understand your meaning. All of this is lost in text, and sometimes responses can come across as mean or rude, even when you did not intend them this way. This is the reason some people use emoticons (visual clues) in their e-mails, it saves a lot of confusion.
d) Be careful not to use rude or bad language online.
Many providers will terminate your account.
e) Don't break any laws.
When you're on the net, follow the same rules of behaviour that you would in real life. Remember, if it is against the law in the real world, it is against the law in cyberspace.
f) Be universal.
Other users have different Web browsers, different online services, different e-mail programs etc. So don't, for example, send out e-mail with text formatting -- boldface, italics, indentations, etc. -- because many other programs will not be able to read the formatting and the recipients will receive your e-mail filled with muddled codes.
g) Be brief whenever possible.
No one wants to read through a lot of unnecessary information. If you are replying to an e-mail, try editing out unimportant information and anything that is repeated.
h) Always identify yourself.
If your parents require you to use an online name instead of your real one, that's fine - use your online name consistently. Never send e-mail without including your name at the bottom of the e-mail. Similarly, don't post forum messages without identifying yourself, this is seen as rude.
i) Make a good impression.
Remember that the written word is the only way you can represent yourself online, so spelling and grammar count. If you are going to be writing a large
amount of text for other people to see, make sure you break it up using paragraphs, it will make it easier on the eye for those that will read it.
j) Be patient with newcomers.
Once you have become an Internet expert, it is easy to forget that you started out as a newbie too. Learning the rules of cyberspace is much like learning a new language; it takes practice, and includes making mistakes. So if you come across someone else's mistakes on the net, don't put them down, just politely point them in the right direction for guidance (send them a copy of these rules to get them started on their way!).
2.4.3 Adhere to netiquette in various forms of online communications.
• Listing netiquette items:
o Avoid spamming
• Spam is a term used on the Internet to refer to unsolicited e-mail and Usenet postings. These messages are usually intended to entice the recipient into buying a product or service of some kind or into participating in a get-rich-quick scheme.
o Avoid Flaming
• Abusive or insulting massages sent using the internet.
• Do not send rude or offensive e-mails or postings. It's bad manners and can get seriously out of hand (flame wars). So don't flame others and if you are flamed, do not respond: you will never win. If you are flamed in a forum or chat room, or if you receive hateful e-mail, let your parents or teachers know.
o Use emoticons wisely
Basic Emoticons
:) or :-)
Happy
:-/ or :\
Confused
:( or :-(
Sad
:Q or :-Q
Questioning
:] or :-]
Really Happy
:S or :-S
At a loss for words
:[ or :-[
Really Sad
:@ or :-@
Shock or screaming
:D or :-D
Laughing
:O or :-O
"Uh Oh" or "oh no"
2.4.1 Explain the meaning of Netiquette.
Netiquette is etiquette on the Internet. Since the Internet changes rapidly, its netiquette does too, but it's still usually based on the Golden Rule. The need for a sense of netiquette arises mostly when sending or distributing e-mail, posting on Usenet groups, or chatting. To some extent, the practice of netiquette depends on understanding how e-mail, the Usenet, chatting, or other aspects of the Internet actually work or are practiced.
2.4.2 List out the Dos and Don’ts while communicating online.
a) Do unto others, as you'd have others do unto you.
Be polite and courteous at all times. Remember that you're not communicating with a computer screen, but with a human being who has thoughts and feelings just like you. So, always think of the person on the receiving end of your messages.
b) Do not TYPE ALL IN CAPITAL LETTERS for emphasis.
IT LOOKS LIKE YOU ARE SHOUTING. If you need to emphasize a word, use asterisks, like *this* or lines, like _this_.
c) Remember that the written word is hard to interpret.
When you speak to someone, that person can hear the tone of your voice. If they can see you, they can take visual clues from your face and body to better
understand your meaning. All of this is lost in text, and sometimes responses can come across as mean or rude, even when you did not intend them this way. This is the reason some people use emoticons (visual clues) in their e-mails, it saves a lot of confusion.
d) Be careful not to use rude or bad language online.
Many providers will terminate your account.
e) Don't break any laws.
When you're on the net, follow the same rules of behaviour that you would in real life. Remember, if it is against the law in the real world, it is against the law in cyberspace.
f) Be universal.
Other users have different Web browsers, different online services, different e-mail programs etc. So don't, for example, send out e-mail with text formatting -- boldface, italics, indentations, etc. -- because many other programs will not be able to read the formatting and the recipients will receive your e-mail filled with muddled codes.
g) Be brief whenever possible.
No one wants to read through a lot of unnecessary information. If you are replying to an e-mail, try editing out unimportant information and anything that is repeated.
h) Always identify yourself.
If your parents require you to use an online name instead of your real one, that's fine - use your online name consistently. Never send e-mail without including your name at the bottom of the e-mail. Similarly, don't post forum messages without identifying yourself, this is seen as rude.
i) Make a good impression.
Remember that the written word is the only way you can represent yourself online, so spelling and grammar count. If you are going to be writing a large
amount of text for other people to see, make sure you break it up using paragraphs, it will make it easier on the eye for those that will read it.
j) Be patient with newcomers.
Once you have become an Internet expert, it is easy to forget that you started out as a newbie too. Learning the rules of cyberspace is much like learning a new language; it takes practice, and includes making mistakes. So if you come across someone else's mistakes on the net, don't put them down, just politely point them in the right direction for guidance (send them a copy of these rules to get them started on their way!).
2.4.3 Adhere to netiquette in various forms of online communications.
• Listing netiquette items:
o Avoid spamming
• Spam is a term used on the Internet to refer to unsolicited e-mail and Usenet postings. These messages are usually intended to entice the recipient into buying a product or service of some kind or into participating in a get-rich-quick scheme.
o Avoid Flaming
• Abusive or insulting massages sent using the internet.
• Do not send rude or offensive e-mails or postings. It's bad manners and can get seriously out of hand (flame wars). So don't flame others and if you are flamed, do not respond: you will never win. If you are flamed in a forum or chat room, or if you receive hateful e-mail, let your parents or teachers know.
o Use emoticons wisely
Basic Emoticons
:) or :-)
Happy
:-/ or :\
Confused
:( or :-(
Sad
:Q or :-Q
Questioning
:] or :-]
Really Happy
:S or :-S
At a loss for words
:[ or :-[
Really Sad
:@ or :-@
Shock or screaming
:D or :-D
Laughing
:O or :-O
"Uh Oh" or "oh no"
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